Originally horse-powered, Paris trams used steam, as well as later pneumatic engines, then electricity. The last of these first generation tram lines inside of Paris, that connected Porte de Saint-Cloud to Porte de Vincennes, was closed in 1937, and the last line in the entire Paris agglomeration, running between Le Raincy and Montfermeil, ended its service on 14 August 1938. In the 1930s, the oil and automobile industry lobbies put pressure on the Paris Police Prefecture to remove tram tracks and make room for cars. In 1925 the network had a 1,111 km (690 mi) length, with 122 lines. Trams of the former network, seen near the Pont au Change in central Parisįrom 1855 to 1938, Paris was served by an extensive tramway network, predating the Paris Métro by nearly a half-century. Line T11 Express, which also uses tram-train technology, is operated by SNCF's subsubsidiary Transkeo. Moreover, line T4, which uses tram-train technology, is operated by the French national rail operator SNCF as part of its Transilien regional rail network. Furthermore, while most lines use conventional steel-wheel rolling stock, two lines (T5 and T6) use rubber-tired trams. However, the final design of the entire planned tram network is fairly integrated.Īlmost all lines (Lines 4, 9, 11 Express and 13 Express being the sole exceptions) are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), which also operates the Paris Métro and most bus services in the Paris immediate area. While the lines operate independently of each other and are generally unconnected, some connections do exist: between lines T2 and T3a (at the Porte de Versailles station, since 2009), T3a and T3b (at the Porte de Vincennes station, since 2012), T1 and T5 (at the Marché de Saint-Denis station, since 2013), T1 and T8 (at the Saint-Denis train station, since 2014) and T8 and T11 Express (at two stations : Villetaneuse-Université and Épinay-sur-Seine, since 2009).
Although the system mainly runs in the suburban regions of Paris, lines T3a and T3b run entirely within Paris city limits, and line T2 also does so for part of its route. Twelve lines are currently operational (counting Lines 3a and 3b as separate lines), with extensions and additional lines in the planning and construction stage. The Île-de-France tramways ( French: Tramways d'Île-de-France) consists of a network of modern tram lines in the Île-de-France region of France.
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